Spain! [169] Furthermore, the energy market in Netherlands remains to be dominated by few major corporations Nuon, RWE, E.ON, Eneco and Delta that have significant influence over the energy policy. Healthcare in the Netherlands can be divided in several ways: three echelons, in somatic and mental health care and in 'cure' (short term) and 'care' (long term). They were probably the most commonly used names, besides Flanders, a pars pro toto for the Low Countries, especially in Romance language-speaking Europe. The region of Holland proper consists of North and South Holland, two of the nation's twelve provinces, formerly a single province, and earlier still, the County of Holland, a remnant of the dissolved Frisian Kingdom. [138] In the Netherlands these administrative units are often referred to as special municipalities. Leiden University and in particular KITLV are educational and scientific institutions that to this day share both an intellectual and historical interest in Indonesian studies. [135], The Netherlands is divided into twelve provinces, each under a King's Commissioner (Commissaris van de Koning). At sea, it could successfully prevent the English and French navy from entering the western shores. [179] Life expectancy is high in the Netherlands: 84.3 years for newborn girls and 79.7 for boys (2020 estimate). Some 90% of the total population indicate they are able to converse in English, 70% in German, and 29% in French. This architectural style is most concentrated in the province of North-Brabant, such as St. John's Cathedral in 's-Hertogenbosch, The Church of Our Lady in Breda and the Margraves Palace in Bergen op Zoom. This architectural style is most concentrated in the provinces of Gelderland and Limburg. List of MAC ", "Netherlands boundaries in the North Sea", "Maritime boundaries of the Caribbean part of the Kingdom", "Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden", "Few fishy facts found in climate report", "Netherlands: Agricultural exports top 80 billion Euros", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019", Sustainable Development Solutions Network, "De Opstand in de Nederlanden 1555–1609;De landen van herwaarts over", "Telegraph style book: places and peoples", "Holland vs Netherlands: Everything you need to know", "Why Dutch Officials Want You to Forget the Country of Holland", Trijntje van de Betuweroute, Jachtkampen uit de Steentijd te Hardinxveld-Giessendam, Prehistoric agricultural field found in Swifterbant, 4300–4000 BC, "The Periodisation of the Dutch Bronze Age: a Critical Review", "The early-medieval use of ethnic names from classical antiquity: The case of the Frisians", "Twentieth Century Atlas – Historical Body Count", "Dutch involvement in the transatlantic slave trade and abolition", "The Kingdom of the Netherlands declares war with Japan", Library of Congress, 1992, "Indonesia: World War II and the Struggle For Independence, 1942–50; The Japanese Occupation, 1942–45", "Netherlands Guide – Interesting facts about the Netherlands", "Netherlands relinquishes some of itself to the waters", "Adapting to Climate: A Case Study on Riverine Flood Risks in the Netherlands", "KNMI – Temperatuur door historische grens van 40°C", "Netherlands climate change: Court orders bigger cuts in emissions", "Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material", "Dutch Tolerance: On Drugs, Prostitution, and Euthanasia", "Dutch Parliamentary Elections: Will Far-Right Freedom Party Defy Polls Again? During the 1990s, Muslim refugees arrived from countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iran, Iraq, Somalia, and Afghanistan.[211]. In summer, the Windward Islands can be subject to hurricanes. To this day the Dutch Royal family is in fact the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. Healthcare decisions are being made in a dialogue between the patients and healthcare professionals.[222]. The area known as Oberland (High country) was in this deictic context considered to begin approximately at the nearby higher located Cologne. The Netherlands allowed women's suffrage in 1919, before becoming the world's first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001. [249] In addition, the Dutch waste more food than any other EU citizen, at over three times the EU average [250], Despite this, the Netherlands has nonetheless the reputation of the leader country in environmental and population management. Dutch society is egalitarian and modern. [177], The Netherlands had an estimated population of 17,474,677 as of 31 December 2020. [59] Caesar describes two main Celtic tribes living in what is now the southern Netherlands: the Menapii and the Eburones. Nearly 17% of the country's land area is reclaimed from the sea and from lakes. According to a humorous source on Dutch culture, "Their directness gives many the impression that they are rude and crude—attributes they prefer to call openness. [245], Dutch manners are open and direct with a no-nonsense attitude—informality combined with adherence to basic behaviour. Indonesia had declared its independence in August 1945 (recognised in 1949), and thus was never part of the reformed Kingdom. [181] Some 150,000 to 200,000 people living in the Netherlands are expatriates, mostly concentrated in and around Amsterdam and The Hague, now constituting almost 10% of the population of these cities.[182][183]. [citation needed]. Islam is the second largest religion in the state. The modern Netherlands formed as a result of the interplay of the four main rivers (Rhine, Meuse, Schelde and IJssel) and the influence of the North Sea. The Netherlands has a high level of economic freedom. In 2016, the Netherlands maintained its number one position at the top of the annual Euro health consumer index (EHCI), which compares healthcare systems in Europe, scoring 916 of a maximum 1,000 points. The title of Count of Holland was fought over in the Hook and Cod Wars (Dutch: Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten) between 1350 and 1490. *Please note that the information on this page is intended for the use of citizens of the Republic of Turkey. Most of present-day Netherlands became part of Middle Francia, which was a weak kingdom and subject of numerous partitions and annexation attempts by its stronger neighbours. Dutch universities have a tuition fee of about 2,000 euros a year for students from the Netherlands and the European Union. Beer, like wine in French cuisine, is also used in cooking; often in stews. In the 2002 elections, this cabinet lost its majority, because of an increased support for the CDA and the rise of the right LPF, a new political party, around Pim Fortuyn, who was assassinated a week before the elections. The plan encompasses the reinforcement of the existing coastal defences like dikes and dunes with 1.30 metres (4.3 ft) of additional flood protection. Don Juan of Austria, the new Spanish governor, was forced to concede initially, but within months returned to active hostilities. The emphasis on Holland during the formation of the Dutch Republic, the Eighty Years' War, and the Anglo-Dutch Wars in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, made Holland serve as a pars pro toto for the entire country, which is now considered informal[41] or incorrect. It is the 67th most populous country in the world. This means the Dutch required nearly six times as much biocapacity as the Netherlands contains. On 8 December 1941, the Dutch government-in-exile in London declared war on Japan,[97] but could not prevent the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia). [81] English forces under the Earl of Leicester and then Lord Willoughby faced the Spanish in the Netherlands under the Duke of Parma in a series of largely indecisive actions that tied down significant numbers of Spanish troops and bought time for the Dutch to reorganise their defenses. The Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) discovered Saturn's moon Titan, argued that light travelled as waves, invented the pendulum clock and was the first physicist to use mathematical formulae. Amsterdam is the constitutional capital, while the government and the royal family are seated in The Hague. Because the Netherlands and Belgium are both in the Benelux, and more recently in the Schengen Area, citizens of respective countries can travel through these enclaves without controls. A specific segment of Dutch literature called Dutch Indies literature still exists and includes established authors, such as Louis Couperus, the writer of "The Hidden Force", taking the colonial era as an important source of inspiration. The economy experienced a slowdown in 2005, but in 2006 recovered to the fastest pace in six years on the back of increased exports and strong investment. Insurers have to offer a universal package for everyone over the age of 18 years, regardless of age or state of health – it's illegal to refuse an application or impose special conditions. As a result, the Netherlands was running a biocapacity deficit of 4.0 global hectares per person in 2016. By law, the King has the right to be periodically briefed and consulted on government affairs. Including their second generation descendants, Indos are currently the largest foreign-born group in the Netherlands. As a coastal region, Friesland is home to low-lying grasslands, and thus has a cheese production in common with the Western cuisine. The Netherlands has had many well-known painters. To protect the country from river flooding, another program is already being executed. The big winner of the 2010 elections was Geert Wilders, whose right wing PVV,[128][129] the ideological successor to the LPF, more than doubled its number of seats. As the continental ice sheet moved in from the north, it pushed moraine forward. The Netherlands' turbulent history and shifts of power resulted in exceptionally many and widely varying names in different languages. Of these, 1.4 million (8.5%) were born outside the EU and 0.43 million (2.6%) were born in another EU Member State. [56][57] The North Sea Germanic Ingaevones inhabited the northern part of the Low Countries. Wijnaldum has now scored seven of the Netherland's last 13 goals and his strikes kept the Dutch in the race to qualify for next year's semi-finals. Its mixed-market advanced economy had the eleventh-highest per capita income globally. (Saint James! Selling 18 million records,[255] the two singers in the band are the most successful Dutch music artists to this day. The Netherlands had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 0.6/10, ranking it 169th globally out of 172 countries. Most of these are owned by Staatsbosbeheer, the national department for forestry and nature conservation and Natuurmonumenten (literally 'Natures monuments'), a private organisation that buys, protects and manages nature reserves. It became part of the larger Zuiderzee Works in which four polders totalling 2,500 square kilometres (965 sq mi) were reclaimed from the sea. These noblemen invited the Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy — who was also Count of Flanders — to conquer Holland. [22] Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands, and the third busiest in Europe. Both houses send members to the Benelux Parliament, a consultative council. M. C. Escher is a well-known graphics artist. Bands such as Shocking Blue, Golden Earring, Tee Set, George Baker Selection and Focus enjoyed international success. On one occasion, a surgeon at Veer cut the heart from a Spanish prisoner, nailed it on a vessel's prow, and invited the townsmen to come and fasten their teeth in it, which many did with savage satisfaction. [217] If a child does not have a "starting qualification" (HAVO, VWO or MBO 2+ degree) they are still forced to attend classes until they achieve such a qualification.[218]. Other major industries include chemicals, metallurgy, machinery, electrical goods, trade, services and tourism. [225], For all regular (short-term) medical treatment, there is a system of obligatory health insurance, with private health insurance companies. The Room for the River plan grants more flow space to rivers, protects the major populated areas and allows for periodic flooding of indefensible lands. [172] In contrast, in 2016, the Dutch used on average 4.8 global hectares of biocapacity - their ecological footprint of consumption. [252][253], Sustainability is a concept important for the Dutch. Based on an aptitude test, the eighth grade teacher's recommendation and the opinion of the pupil's parents or caretakers, a choice is made for one of the three main streams of secondary education. Organisation of sports began at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Savoury pastries also occur, with the worstenbroodje (a roll with a sausage of ground beef, literally translates into sausage bread) being the most popular. The political system is a parliamentary democracy as well as a constitutional monarchy. In 1996 conscription was suspended, and the Dutch army was once again transformed into a professional army. After the defeat of Napoleon, the Dutch army was transformed into a conscription army. [i] The country's official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland, and English and Papiamento as secondary official languages in the Caribbean Netherlands. [220][221], Ever since a major reform of the health care system in 2006, the Dutch system received more points in the Index each year. This cabinet resigned in January 2021, two months before the general election, after a child welfare fraud scandal. Other architectural styles that are common in the Netherlands are Style Louis XIV, Art Nouveau, Rationalism, Neoclassicism CET and CEST are used in the European Netherlands, and AST is used in the Caribbean Netherlands. Later, these terps were connected by dikes. He was executed by Filipino guerillas in 1945 for being a Japanese propagandist and ⦠It employs about 4% of the Dutch labour force but produces large surpluses in the food-processing industry and accounts for 21 percent of the Dutch total export value. The Stamp Act also had a powerful opponent in the British House of Commons, former Prime Minister William Pitt the Elder, who said: âI rejoice that America has resisted.âWhen Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, rebels mistakenly concluded that their resistance was the lone cause when, really, there was a change of leadership ⦠The Korps Commandotroepen, the Special Operations Force of the Netherlands Army, is open to women, but because of the extremely high physical demands for initial training, it is almost impossible for a woman to become a commando. After 1830, it was deployed mainly in the Dutch colonies, as the Netherlands remained neutral in European wars (including the First World War), until the Netherlands was invaded in World War II and defeated by the Wehrmacht in May 1940. Film director Theo van Gogh achieved international notoriety in 2004 when he was murdered by Mohammed Bouyeri in the streets of Amsterdam after directing the short film Submission. [224], Healthcare in the Netherlands is financed by a dual system that came into effect in January 2006. Current symphonic metal bands Epica, Delain, ReVamp, The Gathering, Asrai, Autumn, Ayreon and Within Temptation as well as jazz and pop singer Caro Emerald are having international success. Trijntje Oosterhuis, one of the country's most well known and versatile singers, has made multiple albums with famous American composers Vince Mendoza and Burt Bacharach. Two years later, the Congress of Vienna added the southern Netherlands to the north to create a strong country on the northern border of France. [42][43] Nonetheless, the name "Holland" is still widely used for the Netherlands national football team, including in the Netherlands,[44] and the Dutch government's international websites for tourism and trade are "holland.com" and "hollandtradeandinvest.com". Nevertheless, it is the world's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products, owing to its fertile soil, mild climate, intensive agriculture and inventiveness. Successfully completing the vmbo results in a low-level vocational degree that grants access to the MBO. Tracks like "Get Ready for This" are still popular themes of U.S. sports events, like the NHL. Around 879, another Viking expedition led by Godfrid, Duke of Frisia raided the Frisian lands. The MBO (middle-level applied education) is a form of education primarily focuses on teaching a practical trade, or a vocational degree. Amsterdam is the financial and business capital of the Netherlands. Religious identification in the Netherlands (2019)[3]. The special municipalities are collectively known as the Caribbean Netherlands. The Netherlands also exports one-fifteenth of the world's apples.
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