On 10 November 2015, a 66-year-old former member of the Parachute Regiment was arrested for questioning over the deaths of William Nash, Michael McDaid and John Young. The day began with an Irish Republican Army operation, organised by Michael Collins, to assassinate the "Cairo Gang" – a group of undercover British intelligence agents working and living in Dublin. Although there were many IRA men—both Official and Provisional—at the protest, it is claimed they were all unarmed, apparently because it was anticipated that the paratroopers would attempt to "draw them out". Two people were knocked down by the vehicles. The Widgery Tribunal, held in the immediate aftermath, largely cleared the soldiers and British authorities of blame. Following a 12-year investigation, Saville's report was made public in 2010 and concluded that the killings were both "unjustified" and "unjustifiable". The hearings were concluded in November 2004, and the report was published 15 June 2010. [113], In his speech to the House of Commons on the Inquiry, British prime minister David Cameron stated: "These are shocking conclusions to read and shocking words to have to say. Londra richiese al Primo Ministro nordirlandese, il protestante unionista B. Faulkner, i poteri in materia di ordine pubblico e giustizia, ma al rifiuto di questi emanò una norma (detta "direct rule", governo diretto) con la quale scioglieva il governo e il parlamento locali ed agiva direttamente, accrescendo ulteriormente da un lato la tensione e dall'altro i poteri dell'esercito e della polizia. In Harper's book (The Passions of Great Fortune), his comment on the song ends "…there must always be some hope that the children of 'Bloody Sunday', on both sides, can grow into some wisdom". But the conclusions of this report are absolutely clear. Dell'accaduto, pur se definito unanimemente "strage", non furono rintracciate responsabilità penali. There is no doubt, there is nothing equivocal, there are no ambiguities. La storia del Bloody Sunday 30 gennaio 1972: a Derry, nell'Irlanda del Nord, militari inglesi spararono contro la folla di manifestanti uccidendo 14 civili. Saville report exonerated Bloody Sunday victims and wounded ... 27 police officers injured in Northern Ireland unrest No further Covid-19 deaths recorded and 84 new cases confirmed [78] Dal canto loro le formazioni armate unioniste (soprattutto l'UDA e l'UVF) facevano fuoco sui cittadini cattolici non riuscendo a individuare i membri dell'IRA. By 1969 Northern Ireland was spiraling out of control and rioting became more fierce such as The Battle of Bogside. [129], The Celtic metal band Cruachan addressed the incident in a song "Bloody Sunday" from their 2002 album Folk-Lore. I secondi, detti nationalists o republicans (secondo le differenze di classe già viste per i protestanti), erano cattolici o di nascita cattolica, discendenti degli antichi irlandesi, ed erano il restante terzo della popolazione ma anche la grande maggioranza sull'intera isola. Als Blutsonntag (auch Blutiger Sonntag, englisch Bloody Sunday, irisch Domhnach na Fola) wird in Nordirland der 30. However, some broke off from the march and began throwing stones at soldiers manning the barriers. In 1998, Lt Col Derek Wilford expressed his anger at Tony Blair's intention of setting up the Saville inquiry, stating that he was proud of his actions on Bloody Sunday. [26] The arrest operation was codenamed 'Operation Forecast'. [95], The report concluded that an Official IRA sniper fired on British soldiers, albeit that on the balance of evidence his shot was fired after the Army shots that wounded Damien Donaghey and John Johnston. [95] Saville stated that the civilians had not been warned by the British soldiers that they intended to shoot. [n 2], Most witnesses to the event disputed the report's conclusions and regarded it as a whitewash, the slogan "Widgery washes whiter" – a play on the contemporary advertisement for Daz soap powder – emblazoned on walls in Derry, crystallized the views of many nationalists about the report.[82]. The report concluded, "The firing by soldiers of 1 PARA on Bloody Sunday caused the deaths of 13 people and injury to a similar number, none of whom was posing a threat of causing death or serious injury. Sunday Bloody Sunday è una canzone degli U2, il celebre gruppo irlandese, ideato e composto sul ricordo della strage di Derry. [35], The march made its way along William Street but, as it neared the city centre, its path was blocked by British Army barriers. Two Protestant civilians were shot dead and others wounded by the paratroopers, who claimed they were returning fire at loyalist gunmen. [120] The flags were removed to be replaced by Union Flags. [89] The cost of this process has drawn criticism; as of the publication of the Saville Report being £195 million. [73], At the end of 1972, Lt Col Wilford, who was directly in charge of the soldiers involved in Bloody Sunday, was awarded the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. It is 100 years since Ireland's first Bloody Sunday, a mass shooting by British forces at a GAA match. This area was like a courtyard, surrounded on three sides by high-rise flats. – Bloody Sunday Inquiry", "Bloody Sunday: March that led to deadly clashes", "Report of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry, Volume III, Chapter 44: Conclusions on the treatment of those arrested in Sector 2", Report of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry, Volume V, Chapter 70, Report of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry, Volume VI, Chapter 102, "Bloody Sunday: the shooting lasted an hour, the inquiry took 12 years", Report of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry, Volume VII, Chapter 122, Report of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry, Volume V, Chapter 86, "Bloody Sunday: Soldier F faces murder charges", Report of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry – Volume VI: Events in Glenfada Park North and Abbey Park, "Superb new look for Museum of Free Derrya", "Bloody Sunday helped reconcile Southern nationalists to partition", 1972: British embassy in Dublin destroyed, "Bloody Sunday: the ghosts that won't lie down", "McGuinness: there was no need for Bloody Sunday inquiry", "I was proud to lead the Paras on Bloody Sunday...don't dare say sorry for me, Mr Blair", "BLOODY SUNDAY INQUIRY – Col Wilford: Don't blame my soldiers", "Rumours of plan to clear Bogside are 'nonsense, "Saville Bloody Sunday inquiry delayed until after poll", "Bloody Sunday Inquiry: victims were all unarmed and killed without justification, says Bloody Sunday report", "Bloody Sunday report states those killed were innocent", "Report of The Bloody Sunday Inquiry – Volume I – Chapter 3", "BBC NEWS – UK – N Ireland – Major gives Bloody Sunday evidence", "BBC News – Britain's propaganda war during the Troubles", "BBC News – Bloody Sunday: PM David Cameron's full statement", "Bloody Sunday: Former British soldier released on bail", "Bloody Sunday trial will test limits of justice in Northern Ireland", "Prosecutors explain Bloody Sunday murder charges against 'Soldier F, "Why Soldier F will be charged over Bloody Sunday but other soldiers will not be", "Bloody Sunday: No further charges against former soldiers", "Bloody Sunday Victims Deserve Better Than This", "David Cameron condemns Bloody Sunday killings and makes apology", "Britons and Northern Irish Welcome PM's Apology for Bloody Sunday", "Bloody Sunday killings 'unjustified and unjustifiable, "Sack soldier for Bloody Sunday slurs, urges brother of victim", "Army condemns 'irresponsible, disrespectful' use of its flags", "Parachute Regiment flags flown in Derry as plans are laid to target concert", "Poems of Bloody Sunday: Thomas Kinsella, Seamus Deane", "Bloody Sunday: Scenes from the Saville Inquiry", UTV Coverage: Bloody Sunday & The Saville Report, Programme of events commemorating Bloody Sunday – 2008, History – Bloody Sunday – Events of the Day, "Bogsiders insist that soldiers shot first", "Shootings 'triggered decades of violence'", Britain Acknowledges "Bloody Sunday" Killings Were Unjustified and Apologizes to Victims' Families, Bombings of King's Cross and Euston stations, Carlton Tower and Portman Hotel shootings, Belfast, Crumlin, Killyleagh & Coleraine attacks, Ceasefires of the Provisional IRA, UVF, UDA and RHC, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bloody_Sunday_(1972)&oldid=1016628225, January 1972 events in the United Kingdom, Massacres committed by the United Kingdom, Military actions and engagements during the Troubles (Northern Ireland), Articles with dead external links from August 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with peacock terms from January 2021, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [2][3] Due manifestanti rimasero feriti in seguito all'investimento da parte di veicoli militari.[4]. The authorities expected that this would lead to rioting. These gun-happy louts must be removed from the streets". [2], All of the soldiers responsible insisted that they had shot at, and hit, gunmen or bomb-throwers. Regarding the soldiers in charge on the day of Bloody Sunday, the Saville Inquiry arrived at the following findings: Reporting on the findings of the Saville Inquiry in the House of Commons, the British prime minister David Cameron said: Mr Speaker, I am deeply patriotic. The protesters planned on marching from Bishop's Field, in the Creggan housing estate, to the Guildhall, in the city centre, where they would hold a rally. He also said that this was not a premeditated action, though "there was no point in trying to soften or equivocate" as "what happened should never, ever have happened". It ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1922, which established the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion and provided Northern Ireland, which had been created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, an option to opt out of the Irish Free State, which it exercised. Tests for traces of explosives on the clothes of eleven of the dead proved negative, while those of the remaining man could not be tested as they had already been washed. The Saville Report concluded that all of those shot were unarmed and that none were posing a serious threat. [43] The soldiers fired on the people at the barricade, killing six and wounding a seventh. [8] La Domenica di sangue resta tra gli eventi più significativi della storia recente dell'Irlanda del Nord, probabilmente anche perché avvenuta sotto gli occhi di telecamere e giornalisti.[9]. News The day became known as Bloody Sunday - one of the darkest days of the Northern Ireland Troubles. William Craig, then Stormont Home Affairs Minister, suggested that the west bank of Derry should be ceded to the Republic of Ireland. [50], On 2 February 1972, the day that 12 of those killed were buried, there was a general strike in the Republic. I primi, detti unionists, nome in genere usato per indicare i protestanti della classe media, o loyalists, nome usato per indicare i protestanti della working class che diedero vita all'UVF e all'UDA, erano protestanti o di nascita protestante, discendenti dei coloni britannici giunti in Irlanda a partire dal XVI secolo, e costituivano i due terzi della popolazione nordirlandese. "Bloody Sunday victims innocent says Jackson", This "Honeymoon period", as it has come to be known, ended around the time of the. Di questa canzone si contano innumerevoli cover di molte band e artisti irlandesi, come Luke Kelly, i Dubliners e gli High Kings. La sparatoria durò qualche minuto, e alla presenza di giornalisti e fotoreporter, si vide la folla disperdersi nel tentativo di sfuggire alle pallottole. But that was not done as a deliberate malicious act. Un altro riferimento si ha nella canzone "The Town I Loved So Well" scritta da Phil Coulter[14], cover di "La ville que J'ai Tant Aimée" dei Tri Yann, rielaborata in chiave autobiografica dove l'artista parla della sua infanzia nella città e di come soffra nel vederla ridotta "in ginocchio" dall'esercito. It was described as the biggest general strike in Europe since the Second World War relative to population. [111] After Bloody Sunday many Catholics turned on the British army, seeing it no longer as their protector but as their enemy. There were people at the barricade and some were throwing stones at the soldiers, but none were near enough to hit them. ... Un altro brano di un ex-membro dei Beatles circa il "Bloody Sunday" è Give Ireland Back to the Irish (1972) del nuovo gruppo di Paul McCartney, i Wings. He was released on bail shortly after. [128], Brian Friel's 1973 play The Freedom of the City deals with the incident from the viewpoint of three civilians. These suspects would be questioned and detained without trial until the situation eased. Harold Wilson, then the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons, reiterated his belief that a united Ireland was the only possible solution to Northern Ireland's Troubles. "[94] Saville stated that British paratroopers "lost control", fatally shooting fleeing civilians and those who tried to aid civilians who had been shot by the British soldiers. [22] By the end of 1971, 29 barricades were in place to prevent access to what was known as Free Derry, 16 of them impassable even to the British Army's one-ton armoured vehicles. [85] The Saville Inquiry was a more comprehensive study than the Widgery Tribunal, interviewing a wide range of witnesses, including local residents, soldiers, journalists and politicians. Major Michael Steele: With MacLellan in the operations room and in charge of passing on the orders of the day. With rival paramilitary organisations appearing in both the nationalist/republican and unionist/loyalist communities (such as the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), etc.
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