Though the claim is made that a form of monotheism existed during the reigns of Pharaohs Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton), when the worship of the sun-god Aton became nearly exclusive, it was not a true monotheism. Seeing as the Exodus took place around 1447 BC, Moses live WELL before Akhenaten. The children of Israel left Egypt before Akhenaten ascended the throne and so could not have borrowed anything from Atenism. When Tutankhaten—the second son of Akhenaten; we know him as the famous King Tut—ascended to the throne, he, working with his advisers, restored worship of the traditional Egyptian pantheon and its chief god, Amun. Of those who accept its historicity, I believe most favor the later dating (1290 B.C.E. The Bible is a good historical document but it doesn’t tell us everything, but it does encourage us to find these things out (its to the glory of God to conceal a thing, and the glory of the King to search them out). There are however several problems with this theory. […] Just as I concluded a series of posts addressing Moses and the Exodus and its relationship to Akhenaten’s revolution I see Bible History Daily has picked up the theme and renewed the momentum with an article Akhenaten and Moses. For example the Ipuwer Papyrus talks of “THE PYRAMID BUILDERS” [after the 13th Dynasty they no longer build Pyramids] and talks of the plagues on Egypt that are described in the Bible. the symbol of Levy ATEN, is commensurate with the Zoroastrian, and East Asian Yin/Yang, the SINGULAR SPHERE of Duality, the Two serpents on the medical staff, and the zodiac sign of Libra. A correction was made to my earlier message but seems to have been removed overnight. Interesting theories! b. Should this story not read, therefore: “Did Moses’ Monotheism Influence Akhenaten?”. It’s more reasonable to assume Akhenaten borrowed from the psalm which would make its original author Moses or perhaps Joseph or some other Israelite. Akhenatens Sarcophagus carved . It is Moses stole the Pharaoh’s gold and that was why the Pharaoh was chasing him. You are a Fundamentalist. Commentator FAMiniter #30 made a good point concerning the 2nd commandment’s prohibition of the worship of other gods besides Yahweh as being a monolatric belief that recognizes one supreme god while acknowledging the existence of other gods. I have spent most of my life learning someone else’s culture (religion). Dante Alegheiri and Joseph Gikatalia were contemporaries who both studied the secular sciences and there is a similarity with the cosmology of “The Divine Comedy” and that according to “The Gates of Light.” When describing the physical world we inhabit, the divine name is Adonay applies which is the lowest level of divinity and therefore it was recommended by the mystics to not use the name Adonay by itself but in conjunction with the name YHVH which was likened to a trunk of a tree from which all other divine names are branches of. Commentary on Genesis: Become a member of Biblical Archaeology Society, and gain All Access with your membership today, The BAS Library includes online access to more than 9,000 articles by world-renowned experts and 22,000 gorgeous color photos from…. This was just one sign of the things to come. All things considered, I think that it is much more likely that Israel’s experience in Egypt contributed to their tendency (until their return from exile) to include other forms and objects of worship either in conjunction with or to the exclusion of their worship of God. Most scholars agrees Moses never existed. Exodus in the Bible and the Egyptian Plagues. The mid-14th century BC certainly represents one of the high points of Egypt’s influence in the ancient world, and it was the culmination of activities by nearly all the rulers of the 18th Dynasty” (“The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt” by Ian Shaw, p.268). An old spelling for Athens is Athhenes. As Jude said thy would ‘slip in to the church ‘ even’ denying the Lord that bought them.’, 5. Moses and Akhenaten one and the same person. I believe that you are right, I have been wondering about this for a while. Akhenaten’s Monotheism is Historic!!! Of course this is only my opinion, and I could be wrong, too many coincidentals nake this feel true in my guts though. Referred to in Assyrian chronicles as the land of “Naharaim,” (rivers) it became “Aram Naharaiim” in Genesis 24:10, which neatly links this with the Genesis 22:22 reference to Abraham’s uncle Nahor, whose name means river. Akhenaten's conversion to monotheism inspired by the Hebrew exodus and conquest: 1. The iconography of the two serpents aside the Aten also appear alongside the standard solar-disk, ie of Ra, making them quite ubiquitous. pushing from above and below time, Akhenaten's mother, Queen Tiye, visits Akhetaten, Coregency between Akhenaten and Smenkhkare, Seat of government transferred to Akhetaten. Seems there is a connection here and the critical factor to determining who influenced who is the dating of the exodus and of Moses. No way to edit! The idea of monotheism was UNIQUE to Israel because God Who is ONE revealed Himself to Abraham and then later revealed His Name to Moses. One of the earliest attempts at monotheism was made by Menes (perhaps identical with Narmer), the first pharaoh of a united Egypt, c. 3100 B.C.E. The God of Abraham was one of the many deities in the region at that time, an Edomite pagan deity that Israel adopted after the fall of Jerusalem. “Coming out of the woodwork Once he moved the court to the desert, Egypt really fell apart internationally. Moses is only present in the first books of the Old T. A “God” is pagan personification and every culture in antiquity were pagans at one point of another. and in conjunction with the 9 gods of the Ennead this signifies a mystery known to the Jewish mystics during the Middle Ages about the raising of the high priest’s hands to draw down the blessing of God through the meditation of the 10 attributes of God. Reign of Akhenaten, Tutankhamun 's father, 'Heretic King' of Egypt . I especially commend Chapters 6 and 7. We are now World History Encyclopedia to better reflect the breadth of our non-profit organization's mission. The free online history encyclopedia with fact-checked articles, images, videos, maps, timelines and more; operated as a non-profit organization. If the Israelites were so monotheistic, why did Aaron make the golden calf, most of them were still polytheistic. body was originally put there, but no sign of the mummy remains. In “Did Akhenaten’s Monotheism Influence Moses?” in the July/August 2015 issue of Biblical Archaeology Review, University of California, Santa Barbara, emeritus professor of anthropology Brian Fagan discusses this tantalizing question. To create a new power base and protect the “flank” fm those who would assassinate the monarch. What I read was that this is a thought, but the concepts are mutually exclusive, as noted in the following quote: According to BAR author Brian Fagan, we are talking about two different kinds of monothesisms: Monotheism predated the Egyptians and their Pharaohs,Noah’s family was monotheistic. There was a depiction of this Judahite king found in the remains of the royal palace at Ramet Rahal and he has a sort half-smile as if he had a sense of humor, kind of like Senator John Kerry while campaigning for President who had told students that if they study all will go well and they they don’t they will suffer and be deployed overseas in the military (which didn’t go over well with everyone since this was an indictment on the reasons for intervention in Iraq by people who didn’t bother reading foreign policy journals). Fortunately there are people more qualified to attempt fuse medieval mysticism with Egyptian mythology: Moses was a contemporary of Thutmose III. If you’re going to have to pay for your sins you need a Savior. Akhenaten reigns 1381 – 1364 BCE, some 70 years later. The Israelites were not monotheists until after the return from Babylon, 1000 years after Exodus. On a dedication stela at a mortuary temple in Thebes, Amenhotep III addresses the official god of the 18th dynasty, Amon-Re, in the god’s aspect of the rising sun; “coming forth with all the [gods], while the divine ennead who are behind thee and the Sacred Apes praise thy rising and thy appearing in – the horizon” (“Ancient Records of Egypt” vol. Reign of Akhenaten, Tutankhamun's father, 'Heretic King' of Egypt. Extremely disappointing article, with a strong anti-supernatural bias. just like Jesus the Gentile Messiah is the Disciple of John the Baptist who is the Jewish Messiah and what We Christian believe today is Paulianity! Long before there were the 10 commandments and Moses there were the 42 negative confessions of maat known of and followed by the egyptians (africans). Again in Genesis, the “Sons of God” mate with human women producing giants. IV. c. 1350 BCE. We know religions borrow ideas from each other over time. – Dr. Saul Pressman. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Moses and Akhenaten: The Secret History of Egypt at the Time of the Exodus. Thank you BAR for being open minded and a little blasphemous at times! Your hypothesis might have some merit, had both Akhenaten and Moses lived during the same period. This article gets the truth completely backwards, which is normal when secularists attempts to subvert God’s truth. If you use a revised or new chronology it becomes even more of a gap in regards to succession of pharaohs. He liberated the Hebrews from Egyptian slavery and lead them throu… 5775-2015 = 3760 BCE. Dr Saul, how do you date so definitively a fictional character that has no historical documentation outside of the Jewish scriptures? Monotheism, Wright argues, does not become a clear concept until maybe the 8th or 7th centuries bce, maybe even later. Some scholars suggest that whatever concept of sin was manifest in certain Egyptian religious texts was the later result of Semitic influence. Is there anything else to go on? Wallis Budge, vol. Of course, if it was all politically motivated by, perhaps, the fact that the priests were becoming too powerful and threatening Pharoah’s power, I could see a ruler using monotheism as a means of cutting them down. Sacred Prostitution in the Story of Judah and Tamar? If a dozen slaves escaped it would have been recorded – 2 million? Or indeed the Kabbalistic crown-sphere, Keter? Judaism is the Armana Heresy of Ancient Egypt and the Pharaoh Akhenaten is the Father of this so-called Faith that still exist today because of his Grandson Moses! If Moses was before Akhenaten, than that may have been where Akhenaten got the idea of the one God. Why should a small nation in the middle east lay claim to the sole standard of religious orthodoxy? There is a moment in the film when the couple with the expecting child are in a store and they remark about a crib ornament made of four doves and say “Italy’s finest,” which was a clear reference to the Italian poet Alegheiri Dante and the vision of the four living creatures that bear God’s heavenly throne in the book of Ezekiel that is mentioned in the 29th canto of “Purgatory.” The camera angle shot in the store brings into view a book stand with one entitled, “The Beach House,” which is an obvious reference to the song by Genesis; “Home By the Sea.” It’s about a man who lives in a haunted house where the spirits of the dead visit on a frequent basis: Dig into the illuminating world of the Bible with a BAS All-Access membership. He had 40 years to teach Moses. Remember he sat with Aaron and Moses in the Presence of the One true living God. “May he set thee forever and ever; may he endow thee with jubilees like the numbers of the shore, when measured with an ipet-rod; like reckoning the sea when measured with zawets, (or) a statement of the numbering of the mountains when weighed in the balances; (of) the feathers of the birds, (or) the leaves of the trees, in jubilees for the king, Wanre (Ikhanaton)” (Ancient Records of Egypt, vol. Joseph, whose family worshipped a monotheistic deity loosely known as Almighty God or El Shaddai, brought his family to Egypt 430-some years before the Exodus. a. Akhenaten was very aware of the power of the Hebrew God which demanded monotheistic worship. It was an experiment that withered on the vine.”. G. The conversion of Akhenaten to monotheism. A strong connection between Amenhotep III and the Mitanni king Tushratta is apparent in the letters, while the Babylonian king Burnaburiash, who came to power late in Amenhotep’s rule, appears more suspicious of Egyptian strength. My ancestors, like most, are from all over world. This guy is a visionary who turns away from the state pantheon of gods, and instead, turns Egypt to the worship of a single deity known as the Aten -- the disk of the sun. But such a timetable denies many of the post-Exodus events that took place in Canan after the arrival of the Hebrews (the almost three-hundred year long period of Judges before the anointing of Israel’s first king (Saul) during the 11th century BCE. or later). I read it’s pages for scholarly discussion on issues that she’d light on the Bible, its writers and those who lived it’s stories. It also contained a straight main hallway, while in all other tombs the main corridor … While most rulers would think of invading neighbouring kingdoms to expand their territory, Akhenaten’s interests solely lied within the confines of Egypt. In the fifth year of his reign, he moved the royal residence from Thebes to a new site in Middle Egypt, Akhetaten (“the horizon of Aten,” present-day Tell el-Amarna), and there ordered lavish temples to be built for Aten. 1353 BCE - c. 1336 BCE. You'll get to experience all the discoveries and debate in beautiful clarity with Biblical Archaeology Review, anytime, anywhere! To Dr. Saul Pressman: Scholars are divided over the dating of the Exodus. THE EGYPTIANS DID NOT RECORD ANYTHING THAT MADE THEM APPEAR WEAK, VULNERABLE OR DEFEATED. 8, p. 56) comments: “When [the Egyptian] confessed he did not say ‘I am guilty’; he said ‘I am not guilty.’ His confession was negative, and the onus probandi [the burden of proof] lay on his judges, who, according to the funerary papyri, always gave the verdict in his favour—or at any rate it was hoped and expected that they would do so.” (Contrast Ps 51:1-5.) . The name, Zaphnath-Paaneah, may be written in Hebrew. Correction: Amon-Re becomes the 10th (or 11th) god…. … Some scholars parrot the idea that David, in Psalm 104 , copied Akhenaten’s hymn to the Aten. Tutankhaten also changed his name to Tutankhamun, meaning “the living image of Amun.”. In 1887, a sensational discovery was made at Tel el Amarna. It is likely these nomadic tribes that likely originated from the northern steppes of Iran and Central Asia are mentioned in Genesis 11:28,31, as “Ur of Kasdim”, and not, as nearly every translation says, ‘Ur of Chaldea.” This was a later corruption based on the name of the peoples who migrated into southern Mesopotamia in the early 12th century B.C.E., and were referred to as “Kaldu” who inhabited the marshy south; mentioned in Assyrian records as the “Sea-land” situated near the Persian Gulf. The sacred apes are the iconic image of baboons warming their hands and screeching with the first rays of the sun. No mythology was devised for his new god. Yet, confession of sin was always in a negative sense, as the Encyclopædia Britannica (1959, Vol. “As a geographical term it was first applied to the southern part of Mesopotamia but was eventually used for the whole of Babylonia. IT WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN RECORDED. I never cease to be amazed at the number of supposedly ‘smart’ people who refuse to use the only record of human history that had endured down through the ages as the basis of their research. This is goofy. Psalm 82 has God meeting with his divine council. There are similarities with this notion and with the ancient Egyptian company of the gods known as the “Ennead” that is usually comprised of 9 nine gods, but in the pyramid text of Teta the 1st pharaoh of the 6th dynasty we have a reference to a company of 18 gods that consist of 9 male and 9 female gods (“The Gods of the Egyptians” by E.A. Amenhotep III dies, and is succeeded by his second son, Amenhotep IV. Not only is the existence of a historical Moses unproven, but Akhenaten’s life and reign, as they are recorded, do not indicate that he was an Israelite but the son of the Egyptian king Amenhotep III and his queen Tiye. The religion of Aten was put in place after God brought Moses and his people out of slavery from Egypt. The book is free for BAS Library members. The tree of life growing in the middle of the garden (Genesis 2:9) represents the attributes of God numbering 10 that were described as the spheres of the heavenly bodies;consisting of the 7 planets, over which was the realm of the fixed stars, over which was the primordial starting point of it all, the fount of wisdom, located on the tip of the letter ‘yod’ which is the first letter of the name YHVH. A timeline of ancient Egypt Pharaohs list & Egypt History makes dynastics, speculative with different approximate dates. I wll not state my opinion of this article, I just want you to realize that “you will know the truth and the truth will set you free.”. שְׁמַע, יִשְׂרָאֵל: יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ, יְהוָה אֶחָד. Instead take a moment to pray and see if you really understood what the Bible was saying! Akhenaten was born in Year 12 of his father Amenhotep III, 1394 BC, in the summer royal palace in the border city of Zarw in northern Sinai. The commentary also mentions that a tradition from the Second Temple period connects the last 3 letters of this name with “Chesed” in Genesis 22:22, making this “the name of a seminomadic Aramean tribe that inhabited the desert regions between northern Arabia and the Persian Gulf.” But it wasn’t until the early 12th century B.C.E. Karnak, Work started on 4 temples to the Aten at Thebes, Names of the Aten purified to remove references to all gods except
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