In 1950, following the declaration of a republic the Irish and Canadian High Commissioners were replaced by Ambassadors/Ministers Plenipotentiary, accredited on the basis of the sovereign's title in Canada still encompassing the whole of Ireland. Article One of the treaty stated:[23]. I think it is better for us in this case not to bring the Irish word into the English text; it is better to keep the English appellation, the English description, in the English text for some of the reasons the Taoiseach has mentioned. Opposition politicians immediately proposed that the word Ireland be substituted for the word Éire throughout the English text. Mary E. Daly I reland is the name of an island in the North Atlantic. Despite protests from both organisations, in 1953 FIFA decreed that neither team could be referred to as Ireland in competitions which both teams were eligible to enter. Totalitarianism is a form of government control that swept across Europe in the early 20th century. IRB organizations originated in Ireland, Great Britain in the 1860s and 1870s, as well as among Irish immigrants to the USA Canada, Australia, etc. In addition, Article 4 provided that "the name of the state is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland". Ireland , also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland. Normally practice the name Éire is restricted to texts Ireland is used in all English-language texts, and of course equivalent translations are used in other languages. For other places with the same name, see Ireland (disambiguation).. Ulster directs to here. Thus, while sometimes encouraging the use of the name Éire even in English, de Valera's government insisted at other times on the use of the name Ireland. British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, GOV.UK, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom disputed Irish adoption of the name "Ireland", International Amateur Athletic Federation, International Organization for Standardization, Convention on International Civil Aviation, island the state shares with Northern Ireland, Football Association of the Irish Free State, Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938, Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use, invoking Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, Learn how and when to remove this template message, http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/index_en.htm, http://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/country-profiles, http://www.imf.org/external/country/index.htm#I, "1982: 'Ireland', 'Éire' and why both aren't written on postage stamps", Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Act, 1922, "British involvement in the creation of the constitution of the Irish Free State", "The First Definitive Series of the Irish Free State", Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste, Dáil Éireann – Volume 68 – 9 June 1937 Committee on Finance. Both judges also noted that the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 did not change the name of the state as prescribed in the Constitution. In English, the revolutionary state proclaimed in 1916 and ratified in 1919[16] was known as the Irish Republic or, occasionally, the Republic of Ireland. [37] However, de Valera subsequently retreated from this position and in what may be seen as an implicit acceptance of the criticisms made of the wording of Article 4 itself, de Valera accepted that it was better not to also use the Irish description in the English text. Ireland was a land of trees in the time of Saint Patrick. For official purposes, the Irish government uses the name Éire in documents written in Irish, while using Ireland where the language of the documents is English, including in international treaties and other legal documents. For details, see McCabe, A Diplomatic History of Ireland, 1948–49, 117–33; TNA: PRO PREM 8/1464 Ireland, GEN 262 Cabinet, 1946–51. [56] Nevertheless, over time the name Éire fell increasingly out of use by both the Irish government (except in the Irish language) and internationally, in particular after the passing of the Republic of Ireland Act. The state has jurisdiction over almost five-sixths of the island of Ireland. Through the centuries, Ireland has been known by many names. In the title of the Agreement, the two governments used their respective domestic law names, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Ireland. [61] The name also ran against the Irish state's territorial claim to Northern Ireland. Seanad Éireann – Volume 36–15 December 1948, The Republic of Ireland Bill, 1948—Committee and Final Stages. The UK was by the mid-1960s the only country not to refer to the state as Ireland. [92][93] Many republics reference that in their names, including the "French Republic" and the "Italian Republic" but others, such as Hungary and Ukraine do not. [68] Similarly, the United Kingdom protested when the Irish state was admitted to the European Economic Community in 1973 as Ireland. However, the Irish government, even when led by de Valera, also appreciated the significance of the name Ireland and insisted on that name in some fora. Catriona Crowe; Ronan Fanning; Dermot Keogh; Eunan O'Halpin; and Michael Kennedy: Dáil Éireann – Volume 96 – 11 April 1945 -Ceisteanna—Questions, Dáil Éireann – Volume 113 – 24 November 1948 The Republic of Ireland Bill, 1948—Second Stage. Country names: The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British official use. This is seen in the English-language preamble of the Constitution. Eire (rhymes with the name Sarah) is the Irish language name for Ireland. Religious freedom, outlawed in the 18th century, was restored in 1829, but this victory for the Irish Catholic majority was overshadowed by a severe economic depression and the great famine of 1846-48 when the potato crop failed. There are a number of alternative names for Northern Ireland. In 1948 it adopted the term Republic of Ireland as the 'official description of the state', without changing the constitutional names.[2]. This policy has been respected by both governments since the Belfast Agreement. "[36], Despite these criticisms, de Valera initially called for the proposed Irish description of the state, Poblacht na h-Éireann to also be inserted into the English text of the Act in the same way both the Irish and English names of the state are used in Article 4. The other name used is the Irish version: Éire. According to Foras Feasa ar Eireinn (the History of Ireland), written by Geoffrey Keating in 1629,the first names by which Ireland was known were Inis na Fidbadh (Inish naFveevah), meaning “The Isle of Woods”, and Crioch na fuinedach (Creeagh na Fwinnayagh), which translated “The Remote Country”. But in reality, … Ireland’s economic freedom score is 81.4, making its economy the 5th freest in the 2021 Index. The Constitution gives the Irish language formal precedence over English, and a reflection of this is that Éire is the only name of the Irish state to feature on a range of national symbols including the Seal of the President, postage stamps and Irish euro coins. Under the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166 standard, the two-letter code for Ireland is "IE" while the three-letter code is "IRL". Early criticisms are discussed, The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948 (Commencement) Order, 1949 (S.I. In doing so, he remarked that as "the Irish text is the fundamental text [it is as well] that Éire is used here and there." DEA/7545‑B‑40)", The Manchester Guardian, 30 December 1937, https://www.difp.ie/docs/1938/British-Irish-tripartite-agreement-on-trade-finance-and-defence/2321.htm, On Thursday 2 December 1937, the Irish Free State Government sent a Note to the, Circular dated 1 April 1949 from the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs to Heads of Post Abroad (Circular Document No.B38, 836. Irish nationalists claimed the right to officially name the nation they were establishing, but that name changed according to political expedience. Ireland (Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ()), also known as the Republic of Ireland is a European country on the island of Ireland.It is a member of the European Union. Ireland is also the name of a state, comprising roughly three-quarters of that island, which secured independence from Britain in 1922. With the agreement we have aligned our practice. Cambridge University Press. Dáil Éireann – Volume 113 – 26 November 1948 The Republic of Ireland Bill (Resumed). That agreement was styled as an "Agreement between the United Kingdom and Ireland (Eire)". According to Mary Daly, this directive remained in use for a number of years. The Meiji Restoration transformed Japan into something new: a modern nation-state. However the Declaration of Independence and other documents adopted in 1919 eschew this title in favour of Saorstát Éireann. A slight variant of this title, Saorstát na hÉireann, was also sometimes used in later days as was the Latin Respublica Hibernica.[17][18]. The shamrock is the symbol of Ireland and legend says that St. Patrick, who is the patron saint of Ireland, used the shamrock to explain the Holy Trinity to the Celts. "Irish Republic" is commonly used as a name for the state in Britain but disliked in the Republic, where "Irish Republic" refers to the revolutionary state of the First Dáil in 1919. [33] Others said the name Éire might strengthen the claim of the government of Northern Ireland to the ancient name of Ulster for their state. Opposition leader, Éamon de Valera, queried this. From the second half of 1950, the Irish government reverted to consistently styling itself the Government of Ireland. This too was seen by the British Government as another anti-partitionist attempt to lay claim to the whole of the island. The main purpose of the Fenians was the creation of an independent Republic of Ireland by means of a secretly prepared armed uprising. Hitherto, the Irish Government have referred to themselves, and generally been referred to in international circles, as the "Government of Ireland". Eire (rhymes with the name Sarah) is the Irish language name for Ireland. Absolute monarchy was but one response to the search for a more ordered society. (For an explanation continuing usage of the term Irish Republic in the United Kingdom, see Name dispute with the UK (below). In the light of past experience we feel that the opportunity might now be taken to remove this difficulty by declaring in the Irish text "Éire is ainm don Stát" and in the English text "The name of the State is Ireland". Eire".[61]. Thursday, 21 July 1949. The Irish Free State, comprising four-fifths of Ireland, is declared, ending a five-year Irish struggle for independence from Britain. In May 1937, when the President of the Executive Council, Éamon de Valera presented the first draft of the Constitution to the parliamentary committee on the Constitution, Article 4 simply provided: "The name of the State is Éire". The capital city of the Republic of Ireland is Dublin. ", Section 31 of the Electronic Commerce Act, 2000. Synonyms, crossword answers and other related words for REPUBLIC OF IRELAND CAPITAL [dublin] We hope that the following list of synonyms for the word dublin will help you to finish your crossword today. 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement signed. The Republic of Ireland is the official description of the 26-county Irish state. For the Irish, Republic of Ireland was still not the name of the state, merely its description. Two different Irish language names were used: Poblacht na hÉireann and Saorstát Éireann, based on two competing Irish translations of the word republic: Poblacht and Saorstát. [19] It covered the same territory as the present day Irish state.[20]. The modern Irish population share many genetic similarities with Scottish and Welsh populations, and to a lesser extent the English. The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use uses simply Ireland for the country name. Southern Ireland (Irish: Deisceart Éireann) was the official name given to an autonomous Home Rule region (or constituent country) of the United Kingdom. 1994 Peace Declaration and IRA ceasefire. The "IE" code is the basis for the choice of ".ie" for Irish internet addresses. Responding for the British government in the House of Lords, Lord Dubs explained that the new practice of referring to the Irish state by the name Ireland:[88]. ", "CAIN: HMSO: Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1985", "The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use – List of Country Names showing "Ireland" as the official name of the Irish state", "House of Lords debates: Monday, 12 May 2008 on the Electoral Administration Act 2006 (Regulation of Loans etc. Speaking in the Dáil, Aiken cited article 26 of the treaty where "the names of the countries are given as "Belgium", "Denmark" and "France", not "Republic of France" or "French Republic"" noting that "one would expect that the next thing one would find would be "Ireland", but instead we have "Belgium, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg" and so on. Poblacht was a direct translation coming from the Irish pobal, cognate with the Latin populus. Most of the island is made up of Ireland (Irish: Éire, also known as Poblacht na hÉireann = the Republic of Ireland). If you have an Irish passport, then look at the front – it says Éire. [42] The IRL code features on Irish driving licences, passports and is most visible on contemporary Irish EU style vehicle registration plates. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, State of the Union: Unionism and the Alternatives in the United Kingdom, 2001: 173, 181. [38] Nevertheless, this only fuelled more criticism of the name, as once free in the English language, it evolved – leading to what opposition politicians stated were "sneering titles such as Eirish". Also RoI isn't Southern Ireland. A new organisation, the Football Association of the Irish Free State was formed after partition to organize a new team to represent the newly formed Irish Free State. There is a separate debate about whether the flag relates only to the 26-county state or also to the entire island. This resolution took place when the Good Friday Agreement (or Belfast Agreement) was concluded in 1998. Following the Norman invasion, Ireland was known as Dominus Hiberniae, the Lordship of Ireland from 1171 to 1541, and the Kingdom of Ireland from 1541 to 1800. They therefore regard the use of the name 'Eire' or 'Ireland' in this connection as relating only to that area which has hitherto been known as the Irish Free State. [34] However, the name Éire (generally appearing as Eire in English) quickly became widely accepted in English. Ireland shall have the same constitutional status ... as the Dominion of Canada ... and shall be styled and known as the Irish Free State. [59] The change of name effected by the 1937 constitution (but not the other constitutional changes), was given effect in United Kingdom law in the Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938 which covered the Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement between "The Government of Éire and the Government of the United Kingdom". The Constitution review group's 1967 report discusses Article 4:[39]. Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs. De Valera's use of the name Éire as well as the wording of Article 4 were sharply criticised. His government also appreciated the significance of the name Ireland. If there is any confusion in the United Kingdom courts possibly it is due to the terms of the United Kingdom statute named the Ireland Act, 1949 ... That enactment purported to provide that this State should be "referred to ... actually represents the welcome disappearance of one small but significant difference in practice between the British and Irish Governments that the [Belfast Agreement] has made possible. Regulation 11 of the Irish Aviation Authority (Nationality and Registration of Aircraft) Order, 2005 (S.I. Industrialization Spreads Around the World. [70] The UK government had been centrally involved in preparing the treaty which was signed in London and established the Council of Europe. The self-proclaimed Irish Republic had used Saorstát Éireann as its Irish name, and "Irish Free State" was derived by literal translation of Saorstát Éireann back into English. The Industrial Revolution was a period when new sources of energy, such as coal and steam, were used to power new machines designed to reduce human labor and increase production. When informing the German Government of the change of the name of the State, you should not emphasise the Irish form. It widens into four loughs (lakes) along its route, including Lough Allen, Lough Bafin, Lough Derg and Lough Ree. Advertisement. 63 The Ireland Act covered a wide range of issues consequent on the Republic of Ireland Act. [89] A House of Lords debate, ten years later in May 2008, on Regulations governing political donations by Irish citizens and bodies to political parties in Northern Ireland, is a good example of this. British troops called in to keep order. By a misuse by malicious people of that word, Éire, they have identified it with the Twenty-Six Counties and not with the State that was set up under this Constitution of 1937. Ériu is Old Irish for ‘abundant land’ and it’s modern Irish translation is Éirewhich denotes the island of Ireland We will highlight key terms, figures, and developments in this process. Walsh and Judge Niall McCarthy expressed the view that where extradition warrants did not use the correct name of the state it was the duty of the courts and of the Gardaí to return such warrants for rectification. Having said that it was minded to do so and invited comment, the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (Sir Basil Brooke, Ulster Unionist) objected in the strongest possible terms, saying that the new description "was intended to repeat Eire's claim to jurisdiction over the whole island. While the UK's Ireland Act provides for use of the name Republic of Ireland in domestic British law, that legislation is permissive rather than mandatory so it does not mean Ireland cannot be used instead. It appears that the "Irish Free State" name was not generally popular, The Times reporting on the Irish general election in 1932:[26]. He put it that "a refusal to use the title 'Republic of Ireland' in any circumstances would involve [the UK] in continuing friction with the Eire Government: it would perpetuate the "inconveniences and indignities" which we now experience as a result of our present policy of insisting on the title 'Eire' as against Dublin's preference for 'Ireland.'"[67]. Concerning Ireland, it states that its official names are Éire and Ireland; its official name in English is Ireland; its country code is IE; and its former abbreviation was IRL. The one issue, however, that blocked the exchange of ambassadors had been the insistence of Australia that the letters carried by the Irish ambassador should have the royal title as "Elizabeth the Second, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Australia and Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen." Immigration and Nationality Directorate, UK Government Website, EEA Nationals, Another example is some domestic UK legislation including "The Irish Republic (Termination of 1927 Agreement) Order 1987. Nevertheless, there are now a growing number of UK statutes and regulations that refer to the Irish state as simply Ireland and make no reference to the Republic of Ireland. All rights reserved. A variety of alternative names are also used for the Irish state. "Republic of Ireland", the "description" of the state according to the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, is often used. We want to avoid a return to a hard border between our two countries, to be able to maintain the Common Travel Area between us, and to make sure that the UK’s withdrawal from the EU does not harm the Republic of Ireland. In the 20th century, the nomenclature for the two jurisdictions on the island of Ireland changed considerably. Around 40% of the country's population of 4.9 million people resides in the Greater Dublin Area. This section concerns a protracted dispute which existed between the Irish and British governments over the official names of their respective states: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. What is the national anthem of the Republic of... What are the colors of the Republic of... How many mosques are in the Republic of... Who was the second leader of the Home Rule... Who was the first president of the Indian Home... Who started the First Home Rule Movement? In colloquial use this is often shortened to 'the Republic'. We've arranged the synonyms in length order so that they are easier to find. I still cannot get used to the fact that we do not refer to the Republic of Ireland. [58] By doing so, it avoided any need to call the Irish state, in the English language, Ireland. Therefore, even with the UK's Ireland Act and its provision of Republic of Ireland as a UK "name" for the Irish state, a dispute over the names of their respective states was to continue between the UK and Irish governments. "Parliamentary Debates: Volume 518 – 13 April 2000", "Milking the Tricolour to boost sales in supermarkets", "NDC Launches Nationwide Campaign to Support Local Jobs & National Dairy Week", "One in every four litres of drinking milk now imported", "Circular dated 1 April 1949 from the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs to Heads of Post Abroad (Circular Document No.B38, 836. The name "Ireland" is also an official name for the Republic of Ireland. This distinction between description and name was and remains important because the Act was not a constitutional amendment and did not change the name of the state. They proposed that the practice of referring to the Irish government as the Government of the Republic of Ireland should be continued. In the English language the name of this State is "Ireland" and is so prescribed by Article 4 of the Constitution. [55] It so happened that the Constitution would come into force when the Westminster Parliament was adjourned over the Christmas. It was established under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 on 3 May 1921. With almost no debate, the wording was agreed to and subsequently became the law of the land. Clause 7.1.1 of the Inter Institutional Style Guide, The Republic: The Fight For Irish Independence by Charles Townshend, Politics in the Republic of Ireland by John Coakley & Michael Gallagher. The Minister for External Affairs, Sean MacBride, responded that he agreed "that the description is not possibly as accurate as we would have liked it to be". [27][31], After the adoption of the Constitution, de Valera's government generally encouraged use of the name Éire (rather than Ireland) but not always. However the name continues to linger on, particularly in the United Kingdom. eventually (the Northern Ireland Government would have preferred the name, The part of Ireland referred to in subsection (1) of this section is hereafter in this Act referred to, and may in any Act, enactment or instrument passed or made after the passing of this Act be referred to, by the name attributed thereto by the law thereof, that is to say, as the Republic of Ireland. ", The following month the Minister for External Affairs clarified at the Council of Europe that Ireland was how the state should be described. Quite against the intentions of the framers of the Constitution, this has led to an identification of Ireland with only 26 of our 32 counties in the minds of many people".[46]. [71] Yet he also said that the term Irish Republic was used in the treaty "in a general sense in the way the country is described; French Republic, Irish Republic, Italian Republic, Kingdom of the Netherlands and so on. However, in her letter to President of the European Council Donald Tusk invoking Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union to give effect to Brexit, Prime Minister Theresa May used the term Republic of Ireland: The names attributed to the state by the British media are sometimes the subject of discussion in the state. Their participants called themselves Fenian (from the ancient Irish fían – the legendary military squad of the ancient Irish). The British approach of calling the state Eire was greatly assisted by the general preference of Éamon de Valera, the leader of the Irish government at the time, that the state be known as Éire, even in English. There is, perhaps, at least an ambiguity in the Article that provides a colourable pretext for this misuse. The Republic of Ireland is the only EU member state with a land border with the United Kingdom. The official parties in Ireland – the Free State is not a popular designation over there, for the other is, after all, the older name... As mentioned above, Article 4 of the Constitution of Ireland, gives the state its two official names, Éire in Irish and Ireland in English. Irish republicans, and other opponents of Partition, often refer to the state as the "Twenty-Six Counties" or "26 Counties" (with Northern Ireland as the "Six Counties" or "6 Counties") and sometimes as the "Free State" (a reference to the pre-1937 state). [82], In February 1964, the Irish government indicated its wish to appoint an ambassador to Canberra. [35] These criticisms were aired at length in the Oireachtas when the Republic of Ireland Act was being debated. The Taoiseach of the day, John A. Costello said "that tremendous confusion ha[d] been caused by the use of that word Éire in Article 4. [68][79][80], The Government Information Bureau in 1953 issued a directive, noting that Article 4 of the 1937 Constitution gave the name as "Éire" or, in the English language, "Ireland"; they noted that whenever the name of the state was mentioned in an English language document, Ireland should be used and that "Care should be taken", the directive stated, "to avoid the use of the expression Republic of Ireland or Irish Republic in such a context or in such a manner as might suggest that it is a geographical term applicable to the area of the Twenty‐Six counties." The rest of the island is Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. In the half-century before the Civil War, America experienced a transportation revolution that improved the way people and goods crossed the nation, opened up new areas for settlement and altered the centers of economic power. However, political turmoil and the ongoing War of Independence meant that it never fully functioned as envisaged. Similarly, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office do not use the term Republic of Ireland but rather apply the term Ireland when advising potential British Nationals choosing to live in Ireland. According to the Constitution of Ireland, the names of the Irish state are 'Ireland' (in English) and 'Éire' (in Irish). Those who so use it can point to the Article itself as their justification, arguing that the word "or" in the English text of the Article indicates that "Ireland" is merely an alternative English form of the name. [81], In 1963, under the auspices of the Council of Europe, to revise geography textbooks, the Irish Department of Education issued guidelines to delegates on politically correct geographic terminology: "British Isles" and "United Kingdom" were deemed objectionable and that delegates insist on "Ireland" and "Great Britain." (49) 47, 4 March 1949; Catalogue Reference:CAB/129/33. Over time the Irish Football Association came to be the body for organising association football in Northern Ireland only. (s 1.3). 22 of 1948), came into operation, removing the last functions of the king. This was, according to Daly, despite the fact that the Australian Royal Style and Titles Act did not mention Northern Ireland, referring only to "the United Kingdom, Australia" etc. The term "Southern Ireland", although only having legal basis from 1920 to 1922, is still seen occasionally, particularly in Britain. Leaders like Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini became synonymous with the control they held over their nations and people. Sometimes alternative names are chosen because the name "Ireland" could be confused with the name of the island the state shares with Northern Ireland.
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