In the last decade, Antarctic sea ice has experienced both its highest and lowest extents in the satellite record. Sea ice in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica was well above the 1981 to 2010 average extent in August, rising above the ninetieth percentile of the satellite record period near the end of the month (Figure 7). This year, the minimum extent of Arctic . These images from Planet image data show the break-up of the Milne Ice Shelf located in northern Ellesmere Island; the large pieces seen in the 31 July image are now drifting in the Beaufort, and are much thicker than multi-year sea ice. Yellows and reds indicate higher than average air pressures; blues and purples indicate lower than average air pressures.Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory High-resolution image. The Antarctic ice sheet's mass has changed over the last decades. Antarctica’s sea ice is highly variable. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2021 shows a decline of 10.4 percent per decade.Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center High-resolution image. New buoys are regularly deployed to replace those that have ceased operation or have drifted out of the Arctic Ocean into the Atlantic. 31.03.2021 | 2:44pm. Sea ice can expand freely across the Southern Ocean in winter, but it can get no closer to the South Pole than the Antarctic coastline will allow. The 2021 minimum is the twelfth lowest in the nearly 43-year satellite record. Contact NSIDC User Services or call +1 303.492.6199 Researchers Walt Meier, Ted Scambos, Mark Serreze, and Julienne Stroeve regularly contribute to ASINA, sometimes featuring guest authors, and with support from Kevin Beam, Andy Barrett, Lisa Booker, Michael Brandt, Florence Fetterer, Matt Fisher, Agnieszka Gautier, Marin Klinger, Jonathan Kovarik, Jed Lenetsky, Luis Espinosa Lopez, Audrey Payne, Bruce Raup, Matt Savoie, Trey Stafford, Bruce Wallin, and Ann Windnagel. The darker the color, the stronger the chance of that outcome (not the bigger the departure from average). Sea ice surrounding Antarctica reached a new record high extent this year, covering more of the . Sea ice Arctic sea ice winter peak in 2021 is joint-seventh lowest on record. Warmer conditions on land affect the nearby ocean, and more sea ice melts as a result. The book consists of a set of contributed chapters solicited from experts and leaders in the fields of S2S predictability science, numerical modeling, operational forecasting, and developing application sectors. The cumulative August ice loss over the 43-year satellite record is 3.15 million square kilometers (1.22 million square miles), based on the difference in linear trend values in 2021 and 1979. In the past decade, the February summer minimum has been extremely variable, hitting both near-record highs and record lows. About the dataCredit: National Snow and Ice Data CenterHigh-resolution image. The Antarctic sea ice extent was above average. 1952. The polar regions are experiencing rapid changes in climate. These changes are causing observable ecological impacts of various types and degrees of severity at all ecosystem levels, including society. Arctic Matters: The Global Connection to Changes in the Arctic is a new educational resource produced by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (NRC). As Northern Hemisphere spring and summer snow cover declines, the underlying land surface absorbs more energy and warms. Found insidePacific, and Indian Oceans; the cold Antarctic Coastal Current (East Wind Drift) is the southernmost current in the world, ... smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 m thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term ... Explore current and archived sea ice data on the NSIDC Sea Ice Index Web site. Research based on satellite data indicates that between 2002 and 2020, Antarctica shed an average of 149 billion metric tons of ice per year, adding to global sea level rise. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. by British Antarctic Survey. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. First observations of a transient polynya in the Last Ice Area north of Ellesmere Island. The Antarctic sea ice reached its annual maximum extent on October 6, 2015. Figure 1 shows Antarctic sea ice extent from 1979, when routine monitoring by satellites started, to 2018. IceNet figure. 2021 is shown in blue, 2020 in green, 2019 in orange, 2018 in brown, 2017 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. As noted in our July post, open water persists north of Greenland in the Wandel Sea, an area that has rarely been open in past years. The extent of sea ice in the Arctic region plunged to record lows in July 2020. Multiyear ice extent is one of the lowest on record. By contrast, the loss of reflective snow and ice in high northern latitudes surrounding the Arctic Basin represents a profound change from what was historically normal. Ice shelves—thick slabs of floating ice attached to coastlines and usually fed by glaciers—fringe the frozen continent. Exchange for Local Observations and Knowledge of the Arctic (ELOKA), NASA Distributed Active Archive Center at NSIDC (NSIDC DAAC), All About Arctic Climatology & Meteorology, Arctic sea ice at highest minimum since 2014, Sea Ice Index (Passive microwave satellite data), MASIE (Daily sea ice extent, multi-source). This dataset only shows Septembers from 1979 - 2019 for both the Arctic and Antarctic. General public and data users: A synthesis of scientific sea ice extent projections during Arctic summer, updated monthly during melt season. For three consecutive Septembers from 2012 to 2014, satellites observed new record highs for winter sea ice extent. Weather exerts a greater influence on the Arctic minimum, and the Antarctic maximum. Based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Air-Sea-Ice Interaction held September 28-October 10, 1981 in Acquafredda di maratea, Italy. Antarctic sea ice concentration for September 2020 and February 2021, with the median extent for each month (1981-2010) outlined in yellow. And in fact, there was even a winter transit in January through February. Figure 2. Accessed April 7, 2020. Written and illustrated by Dr. John Cook, cognitive psychologist and founder of the award-winning website Skeptical Science, Cranky Uncle combines humor and science to make clear, calm, and winnable arguments in the public controversy of ... This sea ice grows dramatically each winter, usually reaching its maximum in March. Since September 2016, Antarctic sea ice extents have mostly fallen well below the 1981–2010 average, and even below the long-term range of variability for nearly every month. The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. A strong low pressure feature in the Amundsen Sea and above average air pressure in the area south of Australia drove winds that led to the pattern of sea ice extent around the continent. The sea ice data for the Sea Ice Index are from the NASA Snow and Ice Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), which is funded by NASA award 80GSFC18C0102, and from the CIRES cooperative agreement with NOAA, which is funded by NOAA NA15OAR4320137. By contrast, there is much less ice in the southern route, approximately 30,000 square kilometers (11,600 square miles). Figure 7. Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis (ASINA) is produced by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), which is part of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of Colorado Boulder. This synthesis book was coordinated within the Pacific Arctic Group, a network of international partners working in the Pacific Arctic. Natural cycles in the Southern Ocean can have pronounced effects on Antarctic sea ice. Yellows and reds indicate higher than average temperatures; blues and purples indicate lower than average temperatures. Figure 4. When scientists talk about the cryosphere, they mean the places on Earth where water is in its solid form, frozen into ice or snow. The 2020 date of minimum also changed from September 15 to September 16. Antarctic sea ice reached its annual maximum on September 28, 2020, when it spanned 18.95 million square kilometers (7.32 million square miles). The 2020 date of minimum also changed from September 15 to September 16. Surface freeze-up occurred in early August while bottom melt continued through mid-August. Satellite images of sea ice off the Oates Coast of Antarctica on October 7, 2018, (left) and January 12, 2019 (right). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. The top graph shows the northern route and the bottom graph shows the southern route. Current Antarctic sea ice extent. As of this post, Antarctic sea ice extent is fifth highest for the day in the satellite record, a sharp contrast from the several years of persistent below-average ice extent following an abrupt change in September 2016. The 2021 minimum is the twelfth lowest in the nearly 43-year satellite record. Mar. Sea Ice Index data.Credit: National Snow and Ice Data CenterHigh-resolution image. On the other side of the Arctic, the Northern Sea Route is essentially open, though some areas of ice remain near Severnaya Zemlya. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is a pattern westerly winds circling Antarctica. This was 0.25 million sq km above the 1981-2010 average, and the 13 th highest extent recorded for this date in the satellite era. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hPa level, in degrees Celsius, between August 1 to 30, 2021. As of September 15, Arctic sea ice extent stood at 4.73 million square kilometers (1.83 million square miles), placing it tenth lowest in the satellite record for the date. The sea ice data presented here were derived from satellite passive-microwave radiometers, specifically, the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on NASA's Nimbus 7 satellite, for November 1978-August 1987, a sequence of Special Sensor Microwave Imagers (SSMIs) on the F8, F11, and F13 satellites of the . This graph shows data from one ice mass balance (IMB) monitoring buoy in the Chukchi Sea off the northwest coast of Alaska from April through August. This dataset shows the growth and decay of sea ice concentration throughout the year. The increase in Antarctic sea ice between 2000 and 2014 accelerated to almost five times the rate observed between 1979 and 1999 12, culminating in a record high annual mean sea-ice extent (SIE . This map shows Arctic sea ice concentration based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) data as of August 28, 2021. When scientists talk about the cryosphere, they mean the places on Earth where water is in its solid form, frozen into ice or snow. CITATION: "Decline in Plankton Diversity and Carbon Flux with Reduced Sea Ice Extent Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula," Yajuan Lin, Carly Moreno, Adrian Marchetti, Hugh Ducklow, Oscar Schofield, Erwan Delage, Michael Meredith, Zuchuan Li, Damien Eveillard, Samuel Clarkson and Nicolas Cassar; Aug. 16, 2021, Nature Communications. Air temperatures at the 925 hPa level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 6 degrees Celsius (11 degrees Fahrenheit) above average within the Weddell Sea. SAM is influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation conditions, so it is partly driven by natural oscillations. According to data from NOAA and analyzed by the Rutgers Global . Part of the reason for this is a persistent low pressure area in the Beaufort Sea, which tends to disperse ice and keep temperatures low. (Meanwhile, the Antarctic ice sheets are losing mass.). Where sea ice does melt away completely in the Antarctic summer, the ice’s absence can have cascading effects. Following the minimum, there was a 12-day period during which sea ice extent increased at the fastest rate in the four-decade record of sea ice extent for the time of year. April 1, 2021. This is the joint-seventh smallest winter peak - tied with 2007 - in a satellite record that spans more than four decades. Science & information for a climate-smart nation, By The Antarctic rebound of the past two years shows . Most of this is located on Somerset and Prince of Wales Islands. Because it forms at lower, warmer latitudes, less Antarctic sea ice survives the summer. Overall, the ice extent remained below average for this time of year in the Barents and Kara Seas, as well as within northern Baffin Bay and the East Greenland Sea. The jackknife and the bootstrap are nonparametric methods for assessing the errors in a statistical estimation problem. Koenig, L. S., K. R. Greenaway, M. Dunbar, and G. Hattersley-Smith. Antarctic sea ice has growing over the last few decades but it certainly is not due to cooling - the Southern Ocean has shown warming over same period. This winter, the maximum total Antarctic sea ice extent was reported to be 19.47 million square kilometres, which is 3.6% above the winter average calculated from 1981 to 2010. A persistent area of low pressure between Hudson Bay and Baffin Island drove winds from the south over Greenland, which were responsible for several above-average temperature events in Greenland during the month. By the end of the month, large areas of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas were covered by low concentration ice (25 to 75 percent; Figure 1b); some of this ice may yet melt away or fall below the 15 percent concentration threshold adopted for calculating ice extent. A small area of ice persists in the eastern Kara Sea (Figure 1c). What's hot in the news around climate and sea ice and what are scientists talking about now? Weather events often drive variability, but have different effects in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In response to the setting sun and falling temperatures, ice extent has begun rising and will continue to rise through autumn and winter. This is equivalent to twice the size of the state of Alaska. The solid lines indicate 12-month running averages, while the dotted lines indicate the overall trend. As it does in the Arctic, the surface of the ocean around Antarctica freezes over in the winter and melts back each summer. Nevertheless, the seasonal minimum extent promises to be one of the highest of the past decade—only 2013, 2014, and 2018 are currently tracking above the 2021 sea ice extent. Feature | April 2, 2021 Dry Ice: How Expanding Antarctic Sea Ice is Drying the Atmosphere Over the Southern Ocean In this photo taken during a NASA IceBridge science flight off of the coast of Antarctica in fall of 2018, dry and cold winds blowing off the iceshelf over an opening in the sea ice (top of figure) cause evaporation from the ocean surface into the atmosphere, where low clouds form. The years 2012, 2013, and 2014 brought record highs; 2017 and 2018 brought record lows. According to the NSIDC, the Antarctic sea ice grew at a slightly below-average pace. These images, created from GRACE and GRACE-FO data, show changes in Antarctic ice mass . It is a natural fluctuation that has been going on for thousands of years, but winter and summer trends have . Antarctic sea ice concentration on September 28, 2020, the day that the ice reached its maximum winter extent. The sharp decline in Arctic sea ice over recent decades has become one of the most enduring images of the Earth's warming climate. Please note that this is a preliminary announcement. Figure 1a. Data are later corrected to provide a high-quality climate record. Antarctic sea ice extent as of 13 October 2015 (blue line), along with daily ice extent data for four previous years: 2014 (green, dotted), 2013 (orange), 2012 (brown), and 2011 (purple). Your burning questions about snow and ice. The book contains an up to date description of most relevant methods and techniques applied in sea ice ecology research. This book will appeal to university students at Masters or PhD levels reading biology, geosciences, and chemistry. Accessed March 27, 2019. In the 43-year-satellite record, 15 of the lowest minimums have all occurred in the last 15 years. While fairly cool and stormy summer conditions limited summer melt, as discussed in our earlier post, the amount of multiyear ice is at a record low, roughly one-fourth of the amount seen in the early 1980s. 2020-2021. However, Antarctic sea ice extent is highly variable near the maximum because of storms acting to expand or compact the extended ice edge. Sea ice extent was below-average in the northwestern Weddell Sea and northern Ross Sea, where April temperatures were above average. Home | Contact Us In this latest oceanology volume of the Antarctic Research Series, polar scientists describe and model air-sea and ice-ocean interactions, the formation and chemistry of deep and bottom waters, regional circulations, tidal heights and ... Surface snow melt started in June, and by July, bottom melt began. Looking for facts and information? when final analysis data updated near-real-time data. The orange line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that day. Figure 1a. Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences LaboratoryHigh-resolution image. The Arctic Climate System provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the subject for researchers and advanced students in a wide range of disciplines. This sea ice extent dataset is on a 25km cell size grid covering both Arctic and Antarctic polar regions. The 2021 wintertime extent reached on March 21 ties with 2007's as the seventh-smallest extent of winter sea ice in the satellite record, according to scientists at the NASA-supported National Snow and Ice Data Center and NASA. Just a few years later, the 2017 and 2018 summer minimum were record low. Shows and describes wildlife found in the Polar regions, looks at Inuit clothing and artifacts, and depicts the equipment used by Polar explorers. While such events have occurred before, they are rare. The annual cycle of Antarctic sea ice, oscillating from a mean winter extent of ~18.5 × 10 6 km 2 to a mean summer extent of ~3.1 × 10 6 km 2, exerts a strong control on Southern Ocean (SO . However, ice has pulled away from the Siberian coast, opening a narrow channel with little or no ice. Antarctica is surrounded by ocean, not a land surface that is losing its reflective snow and ice cover in the spring and summer. Sea Ice Index data. Sea Ice Index data. 2021 is shown in blue, 2020 in green, 2019 in orange, 2018 in brown, 2017 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. Overall, since 1979, October has lost 3.45 million square kilometers (1.33 million square miles) of ice, based on the linear trend. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Credit: Canadian Ice ServiceHigh-resolution image. Sea ice waxes and wanes with the seasons, but minimum and maximum extents rarely match from year to year; over years and decades, summer and winter extents vary. Based on satellite data, extent is the total area where the ice concentration is 15 percent or higher. The Arctic sea ice minimum extent is imminent. This, along with low values in Arctic . This rate of increase was larger than the 1981 to 2010 average of 89,200 square kilometers (34,400 square miles) per day. Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice Extent Linked To Ozone Hole Date: April 22, 2009 Source: British Antarctic Survey Summary: Increased growth in Antarctic sea ice during the past 30 years is a result . In 2014, the maximum extent (purple dashed line) was record high. A remaining question is whether a large area of low concentration ice north of Alaska will melt away. The blueish white color of the sea ice is a false color derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR2 . The timing of the seasonal cycles isn’t the only way that Antarctic sea ice differs from the Arctic. The map at the top of this page shows the . The icebergs are a result of the calving retreat and demise of several small Arctic-style ice shelves (much smaller than Antarctic ice shelves) that formerly occupied several of the fjords along the northern coast of Ellesmere Island. State of the Cryosphere: Sea Ice, National Snow and Ice Data Center. Starting in 2016, Antarctica sea ice extent was mostly below the 1981–2010 average. Sea ice in the Arctic appears to have hit its annual minimum extent on September 16, after waning in the 2021 Northern Hemisphere spring and summer. Nevertheless, air temperatures at the 925 hPa level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were above the 1981 to 2010 average, up to 8 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit) above average north of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago (Figure 2b). A comprehensive survey of the climatology and meteorology of Antarctica for atmospheric scientists, glaciologists, oceanographers and biologists. Image: The Earth Observatory Science on, tourism to and fishing interest around the continent have also increased profoundly. Through 2021, the linear rate of decline for monthly mean August sea ice extent is 10.4 percent per decade (Figure 3). On Thin Ice:Expedition to a Crumbling Ice Shelf. Sea Ice Index data. As cooperation is essential between scientific communities, whose focus on particular domains of Earth’s surface and on different components of the observing system help to accelerate scientific understanding and multiply the benefits for ... NASA Finds 2021 Arctic Summer Sea Ice 12th-Lowest on Record. The Antarctic sea ice extent during April 2021 was 88,800 square miles (3.4 percent) above average and the largest April sea ice extent since 2016. Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis (ASINA) is produced by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), which is part of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of Colorado Boulder. Air temperatures at the 925 hPa level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) as assessed over the first 13 days of September were near average over most of the Arctic Ocean. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in millibars from September 1 to 13, 2021. The sea ice formation and dissipation processes are complicated and involve many factors and mechanisms, from the basal growth/melting, the frazil ice formation, the snow ice processes to the dynamic process, etc. Maps of Antarctic sea ice extent at the most recent winter maximum on 28 September 2020 (left) and summer minimum on 21 February 2021 (right). The monthly average extent for October 2021 was 6.77 million square kilometers (2.61 million square miles). Looking for facts and information? Arctic/Antarctic Sea Ice Time Series. It has been an odd summer. This map shows Arctic sea ice concentration based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) data as of September 14, 2021. Since satellite-based measurements began in the late 1970s, Antarctic sea ice extent has shown high year-to-year variability. The sea ice cover of the Southern Ocean reached its yearly maximum extent on Oct. 6. Credit: University of BremenHigh-resolution image, Figure 1c. The opacity of the sea ice is derived from the AMSR2 sea ice concentration. Because so little Antarctic ice persists through the summer, the majority of Antarctica’s sea ice is only one winter old at most. By contrast, the compact, well-defined ice edge along most of the Russian side of the Arctic Ocean indicates that freezing is already underway in this area. The graph above shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of November 1, 2021, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. It was already normal, historically, for summertime sea ice to melt back nearly to the Antarctic coastline, leaving large expanses of the Southern Ocean exposed to heating from the summer sun. Japan Meteorological Agency. Antarctic sea ice extent on 11th August 2021 was 17.84 million sq km (Figure 6). The Northwest Passage (NWP) through the channels of the Canadian Archipelago still has ice blocking all routes, although concentration and extent are low in some areas. The high latitudes of the Arctic and Antarctic, together with some mountainous areas with glaciers and long-lasting snow, are sometimes called the cryosphere-defined as that portion of the planet where water is perennially or seasonally ... In the past decade, the September winter maximum has been extremely variable, hitting record and near-record highs as well as near-record lows. The Canadian Ice Service is tracking the bergs. The Arctic is an ocean basin largely surrounded by land. compare the sea ice in February for two different years. The loss of ice since 1979 in August is equivalent to about twice the size of the state of Alaska. Found inside... and Indian Oceans; the cold Antarctic Coastal Current (East Wind Drift) is the southernmost current in the world, ... smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 m thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term ... The maps below show the extent of sea ice in the Southern Hemisphere around Antarctica. Antarctic sea ice extent on 11 th July 2021 was 15.82 million sq km (Figure 6). Figure 1. Argues that the rapid climate change will provoke geophysical events, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Ice loss the first two weeks of September primarily occurred in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, and to a lesser extent also surrounding Severnaya Zemlya. Compared to median conditions from 1981-2010 (yellow line), the most recent maximum was slightly below average. NOAA Climate.gov image, based on data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. This corresponds to 75,000 square kilometers (29,000 square miles) per year. Comprehensive, up-to-date account of polar climate change over the last one million years for researchers and advanced students in polar science. Arctic sea ice extent for September 15, 2021 was 4.73 million square kilometers (1.83 million square miles). Sea ice in the Arctic appears to have hit its annual maximum extent after growing through the fall and winter. It was the 11 th-lowest maximum in the 42-year satellite record. The images shown here portray the sea ice as it was observed by the AMSR2 instrument onboard the Japanese Suzaku satellite. JAXA ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT: 12,680,523 KM2 as at 10-Jan-2021. What was going on? Brave New Arctic is Mark Serreze's riveting firsthand account of how scientists from around the globe came together to find answers. But sea ice retreat alone rarely, if ever, initiates the disintegration process; other factors such as warm ocean water and surface melt on the ice shelf are usually at work, too. Explore current and archived sea ice data on the NSIDC Sea Ice Index Web site. This ranked eighth lowest in the long-term satellite data record, tied with 2017. Based on satellite data, extent is the total area where the ice concentration is 15 percent or higher. Arctic sea ice in the Laptev Sea melted out several weeks earlier than average. The graph above shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 1, 2021, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record high year. Arctic sea ice extent on 14th June 2021 was the 5th lowest on record for the time of year. Sea Ice Index data. Antarctic sea ice usually reaches its annual maximum extent in mid- to late September, and reaches its annual minimum in late February or early March. In particular, the strong sea level pressure gradient between the low and high sea level pressure near the Canadian Arctic Archipelago helped to funnel winds from the south over Baffin Bay, which is still ice-free, northwards towards the central Arctic Ocean (Figure 2c). Extents for March and early April 2020 were near the long-term average. Arctic Sea Ice News and Analysis, National Snow and Ice Data Center. Sea ice in the Antarctic showed a slight increase in overall extent from 1979 to 2014, although some areas, such as that to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula experienced a decrease. Whereas Arctic sea ice mostly sits in the middle of land-locked ocean—which is more sensitive to sunlight and warming air—Antarctic sea . The sea ice satellite record dates back to October 25, 1978. Antarctic sea ice extent for September 15, 2021 was 18.64 million square kilometers (7.20 million square miles). Image: The Earth Observatory Science on, tourism to and fishing interest around the continent have also increased profoundly. Antarctic sea ice, on the other hand, has not been considered a climate change indicator. Sea ice extent is slightly above average in nearly all sectors, in particular in the Weddell and Cosmonaut Seas and the region north of eastern Wilkes Land. In addition, this volume presents techniques to retrieve a suite of sea ice parameters (e.g. ice type, concentration, extent, thickness, surface temperature, surface deformation, etc.) from space-borne and airborne sensor data. Accessed April 7, 2020. However, a shift in wind patterns or a period of late season melt could still push the ice extent lower. Deciphering the rise and fall of Antarctic sea ice extent Posted on 6 July 2021 by Guest Author. The decline in sea ice extent during August was relatively slow but steady after a pause in ice loss around August 9. About the dataCredit: National Snow and Ice Data CenterHigh-resolution image, Figure 1b. Surveys atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric processes, present and past conditions, and changes in polar environments. NSIDC scientists will release a full analysis of the Arctic melt season, and discuss the Antarctic winter sea ice growth, in early October. The convention is that any cell within the sea ice concentration grids that is above 15% is classed as ice covered and therefore is counted towards the sea ice extent calculation. All. Found inside – Page liiiOnly now can we start to unravel the influence of sea ice on the weather that is experienced in southern Australia . But in another way the extent of sea ice extends its influence far beyond Antarctica . Antarctic krill - the small ... Since then, losses in the areas around the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and the northeastern Ross Sea have reduced the total ice extent, although at this time of year, ice extent can change rapidly up or down as storms play havoc with thin, low concentration ice in the extended ice edge regions.
Male Waxing Courses Near Me, Best Weekly News Magazine Uk, What Is Radio Interference, Lainox Oven Error Codes, Action Figure Blister Cases, Delete My Account Letter, What Is The Next Ex-dividend Date For Bp, Coastal Property Near Bordeaux, Best Men's Skin Care Products 2020 Uk, Calorie Labelling Regulations, Fashion Internships 2021, Hotel In Chelsea, London, Tesco Mobile Roaming Brexit,
