The novel is a critical statement against human suffering, poverty, and ignorance. Pourtant les critiques à son égard ne manquent pas. So long as men are degraded, women ruined, and children live in physical and spiritual night. Hugo’s early writings were not solely confined to poetry, though. Encouraged by his mother, Hugo founded a review, the Conservateur Littéraire (1819–21), in which his own articles on the poets Alphonse de Lamartine and André de Chénier stand out. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame), an evocation of life in medieval Paris during the reign of Louis XI. The youthful vigour of these poems was also characteristic of another collection, Les Orientales (1829), which appealed to the Romantic taste for Oriental local colour. Because of this, Hugo would not marry anyone else, but would not marry Foucher while his mother was still alive, either. trans. It was a chaotic time for Victor, continually uprooted from Paris to set out for Elba or Naples or Madrid, yet always returning to Paris with his mother, whose royalist opinions he initially adopted. Victor Hugo (1802–1885), novelist, poet, playwright, and French national icon, is best known for two of today’s most popular world classics: Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, as well as other works, including The Toilers of the Sea and The Man Who Laughs. Telling the story of a man condemned to death, the short novel was the first appearance of the strong social conscience that Hugo’s later works would be known for. Hugo was one of the most notable representatives of romanticism in France, from his prose to his poetry and plays. Eventually, they were the parents of four children: two daughters (Leopoldine and Adele) and two sons (Charles and François-Victor). His childhood was coloured by his father’s constant traveling with the imperial army and by the disagreements that soon alienated his parents from one another. Victor Hugo. Introduction: Victor Hugo, the Ocean p. 1 The Divine Stenographer p. 11 The Dark Vein of Destiny p. 34 The Law of Chance or the Order of Coincidence p. 34 The Irresistible Traps p. 41 The Ambush in the Gorbeau Tenement p. 43 The Barricade at la Chanvrerie p. 45 The Paris Sewers p. 47 Elusive Freedom p. 52 Touchy Monsters p. 56 Juliette had little talent and soon renounced the stage in order to devote herself exclusively to him, becoming the discreet and faithful companion she was to remain until her death in 1883. Cet auteur est une icône de la littérature française, de la poésie au roman. (ix: 78) [Thus the movement completes its action. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Among French readers, Hugo is best known as a poet, but to readers outside of France, he’s best known for his epic novels The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Misérables. In some cases, in his novels, Hugo’s narrative voice goes into immense detail about specific ideas or places, with intensely descriptive language. Léopold enlisted in the army of Revolutionary Franceat fourteen, he was an atheist and an ardent supporter of th… Adèle Foucher married Victor Hugo in 1821. His work was a strong influence in the music world, especially given his friendship with composers Franz Liszt and Hector Berlioz, and many operas and other musical works were inspired by his writing—a trend which continues into the contemporary world, with the musical version of Les Misérables becoming one of the most popular musicals of all time. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. As such, his works largely embraced Romantic ideals of individualism, intense emotions, and a focus on heroic characters and actions. Victor Hugo was a keen poet, novelist, dramatist, essayist, pamphleteer, diarist, politician and moralist of French romance. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) by Victor Hugo, A Reading List of the Best 19th Century Novels, A Brief Introduction to Gothic Literature, The Life and Works of Honoré de Balzac, French Novelist, Biography of Guy de Maupassant, Father of the Short Story, Quotes from Arthur Rimbaud's Surrealist Writing, Biography of James Joyce, Influential Irish Novelist, Biography of Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-American Novelist, among the most recognizable French writers, M.F.A, Dramatic Writing, Arizona State University, B.A., English Literature, Arizona State University, B.A., Political Science, Arizona State University. It wasn’t until 1862 that this novel was published: Les Misérables. An Introduction to French Poetry: Hugo's "Demain, des l'aube..." by William Beauchamp VICTOR HUGO'S "Demain, des l'aube" (Contemplations, IV, 14) is unusually effective as an initiation into French poetry: it is short, accessible to students still unsure of the language, complex enough to pose many of the basic problems of textual analysis. He played an important part in the Romantic movement in France. Set in Paris during the 15th century, the novel centers on Quasimodo, the deformed bell ringer of Notre-Dame Cathedral, and his unrequited love. In the end, it was the readers who won out: Les Mis became a genuine phenomenon which remains popular in the modern day, and has been translated into many languages and adapted into several other mediums. In these poems Hugo, while skillfully employing a great variety of metres in his verse and using ardent and brilliant imagery, was also gradually shedding the legitimist royalism of his youth. VIDEO "Sanctuary" Clip from the 1938 Film Get your cheesy on. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He also published his first novel, Han d'Islande, in 1823. Dans le mot palpitant le lecteur la sent vivre. Born in Besançon in Franche-Comté, a region in eastern France, Hugo was the third son born to Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo and Sophie Trébuchet Hugo. Victor Hugo is remembered as a beloved writer of the people, who knew how to write with simplicity and power of common joys and sorrows. By the time Victor Hugo wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame (published in French as Notre-Dame de Paris ), he had already made a name for himself as a poet and dramatist. On May 20, 1885, Hugo died of pneumonia at the age of 83. Hugo eventually settled in Guernsey, a small island under British jurisdiction in the English Channel off the French coast of Normandy. Victor-Marie Hugo was born on 26 February 1802 in Besançon in Eastern France. In these early days—and, indeed, through much of his writing career—Hugo was heavily influenced by one of his predecessors, French writer François-René de Chateaubriand, who was one of the preeminent literary figures in the Romantic Movement and one of France's most visible writers during the early 19th century. Her husband also died while trying to save her. The King’s Fool), set in Renaissance France and depicting the frivolous love affairs of Francis I while revealing the noble character of his court jester. Ruy Blas, a play in verse, appeared in 1838 and was followed by Les Burgraves in 1843. By this time, realism and naturalism were coming into vogue, and Hugo’s Romantic style decreased in popularity. It’s a captivating story marked by love, betrayal and ultimately, loss. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. In his introduction to Les Miserables, Victor Hugo wrote: So long as laws shall exist which create Hells in the midst of civilization. brief introduction to Victor Hugo’s poem ‘Booz endormi’ with the text of the final 6 lines together with a synopsisi in English of the 6 lines. 1793, Year Two of the Republic, saw the establishment of the National Convention, the execution of Louis XVI, the Terror, and the monarchist revolt in the Vendée, brutally suppressed by the Republic. When in December 1851 a coup d’état took place, which eventually resulted in the Second Empire under Napoleon III, Hugo made one attempt at resistance and then fled to Brussels. Medievalism and Modernity in Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre-Dame This article talks about the history behind the novel, the medieval city of Paris, and the things Hugo decided to up and change about both in his novel. The Hunchback of Notre Dame, historical novel by Victor Hugo, originally published in French in 1831 as Notre-Dame de Paris (‘Our Lady of Paris’). It became a huge hit and was quickly translated into other languages for readers across Europe. He also produced two more novels, which returned to more political and social themes. In the latter category, he wrote several of his most acclaimed poems about his daughter’s untimely death and his own grief. In that same year he published his first book of poems, Odes et poésies diverses, whose royalist sentiments earned him a pension from Louis XVIII. As a result of his military career, the family moved frequently, including stints in Naples and Rome. Hugo immediately retorted with Hernani, the first performance of which, on February 25, 1830, gained victory for the young Romantics over the Classicists in what came to be known as the battle of Hernani. These tensions were represented in Hugo’s own family: his father was a general with republican beliefs and a supporter of Napoleon, while his mother was Catholic and fervently royalist; her lover (and Hugo’s godfather) General Victor Lahorie was executed for conspiracies against Napoleon. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Hugo believed the novel to be the pinnacle of his work, and it became immensely popular among readers almost instantly. The Slave King). However, the critical establishment was much harsher, with almost universally negative reviews. The fusion of the contemporary with the apocalyptic was always a particular mark of Hugo’s genius. Victor Hugo distinguishes between a few different types of impoverished people. ThoughtCo, Aug. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/biography-of-victor-hugo-4775732. . Élete és művészete szinte teljesen átfogta a 19. századot. A summary of Part X (Section13) in Victor Hugo's Hunchback of Notre Dame. Les Misérables Volume One: Fantine is the introduction to Victor Hugo’s acclaimed historical novel centering a weary hero and heroine torn by poverty and politics. The story follows former convict, Jean Valjean, who spent nearly two decades in prison for stealing food for his family. About Victor Hugo. Though regarded in France as one of that country’s greatest poets, he is better known abroad for such novels as Notre-Dame de Paris (1831; The Hunchback of Notre-Dame) and Les Misérables (1862). In 1826 he also published Odes et ballades, an enlarged edition of his previously printed verse, the latest of these poems being brilliant variations on the fashionable Romantic modes of mirth and terror. He supported the successful candidacy of Prince Louis-Napoléon for the presidency that year. Victor was the third son of Joseph-Léopold-Sigisbert Hugo, a major and, later, general in Napoleon’s army. Professor of French Literature, University of Cambridge, 1954–82; Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. trans. In 1804, when Hugo was 2 years old, Napoleon was proclaimed emperor of France; a little over a decade later, the monarchy of the House of Bourbon was restored. Even in his own time, Hugo’s work had influence beyond just literary audiences. In 1823 he published his first novel, Han d’Islande, which in 1825 appeared in an English translation as Hans of Iceland. The novel sprawls over a few decades, interweaving stories of an escaped parolee, a dogged policeman, an abused factory worker, a rebellious young rich man, and more, all leading up to the June Rebellion of 1832, a historical populist uprising that Hugo had witnessed himself. Hugo’s intense grief found some mitigation in poems that later appeared in Les Contemplations, a volume that he divided into “Autrefois” and “Aujourd’hui,” the moment of his daughter’s death being the mark between yesterday and today. London Stereoscopic Company / Hulton Archive / Getty Images. Homer Thompson 16,803 views By almost universal consent he is recognized as the greatest French poet; he is one of the greater poets of the world. The sign for Avenue Victor Hugo in Paris's 16th arrondissement. While Hugo had derived his early renown from his plays, he gained wider fame in 1831 with his historical novel Notre-Dame de Paris (Eng. Though regarded in France as one of that country’s greatest poets, he is better known abroad for such novels as Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) and Les Misérables (1862). As a young man, Hugo vowed to be "Chateaubriand or nothing," and in many ways, he got his wish. Anthologie «les comtemplations» De victor hugo Anthologie «les comtemplations» De victor hugo 1ère partie :Introduction « Les Contemplations » est un livre de Victor Hugo. Hugo’s childhood was a time of immense political and military turmoil in France. He was already filling notebooks with verses, translations—particularly from Virgil—two tragedies, a play, and elegies. Hugo’s mother was primarily responsible for his upbringing, and as a result, his early education was both intensely religious and strongly biased towards pro-monarchy sentiments. Such a type of drama would abandon the formal rules of classical tragedy for the freedom and truth to be found in the plays of William Shakespeare. Hugo’s literary achievement was recognized in 1841 by his election, after three unsuccessful attempts, to the French Academy and by his nomination in 1845 to the Chamber of Peers. Victor Hugo began writing as a very young man. In particular, his novels The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Misérables have had a long and popular life, with multiple adaptations and entry into mainstream popular culture. He was buried in the Panthéon, in the same crypt as Alexandre Dumas and Émile Zola, and left 50,000 francs to the poor in his will. Poet, novelist, and dramatist Victor Hugo is considered the most important of the French Romantic writers. He demanded a verse drama in which the contradictions of human existence—good and evil, beauty and ugliness, tears and laughter—would be resolved by the inclusion of both tragic and comic elements in a single play. For many years, Hugo had planned a novel about social injustices and the misery suffered by the poor. Although the youthful, spontaneous nature of his early poems put him on the map, Hugo’s later work soon evolved to show off his remarkable skill and craftsmanship. Les misérables -- v. 4. Hugo’s father was a general in the French army and a fervent supporter of Napoleon. The novel’s biggest legacy, though, was much more than literary. Updates? But Hugo was not content merely to express personal emotions; he wanted to be what he called the “sonorous echo” of his time. In 1881, he was honored for his contributions to French society; a street in Paris was even renamed for him and bears his name to this day. Bibliothèque Nationale de France / public domain. General introduction / by Robert Louis Stevenson. Victor Hugo drew his inspiration from everything he heard and saw, writing it down in his diary. Victor Hugo (February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French poet and novelist during the Romantic Movement. Ninety-three, the last of Victor Hugo's novels, is regarded by many including such diverse critics as Robert Louis Stevenson and André Maurois as his greatest work. Author of. Victor Hugo is widely considered an icon of French literature and culture, to the point where many French cities have streets or squares named after him. Hernani, in particular, sparked intense debate between traditionalists and Romantics; it came to be considered the vanguard of French Romantic drama. The defense of freedom and the cult of an idealized Napoleon in such poems as the ode “À la Colonne” and “Lui” brought Hugo into touch with the liberal group of writers on the newspaper Le Globe, and his move toward liberalism was strengthened by the French king Charles X’s restrictions on the liberty of the press as well as by the censor’s prohibiting the stage performance of his play Marion de Lorme (1829), which portrays the character of Louis XIII unfavourably. Introduction. This play was at first banned but was later used by Giuseppe Verdi as the libretto of his opera Rigoletto. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Victor Hugo couldn't stand the idea that so many people had fought and died for nothing, and he was determined to use art to do what war couldn't – create real social change. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Hugo, Utah Shakespeare Festival - Biography of Victor Hugo, Guernsey Museums and Galleries - Victor Hugo, Victor Hugo - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). They were well-matched in personality and in age (Foucher was only one year younger than Hugo), but his mother strongly disapproved of their relationship. His mother died in 1821, and a year later Victor married a childhood friend, Adèle Foucher, with whom he had five children.
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